Base Conditions and Capacity
Base Conditions and Capacity The determination of a roadway’s LOS begins with the specification of base roadway conditions. Recall that in the introduction to this chapter, the effects of vehicle performance and roadway design characteristics on traffic flow were discussed qualitatively. In practice, the effects of such factors on traffic flow are measured quantitatively, relative to the base traffic and roadway design conditions. For uninterrupted-flow roadways, base conditions can be categorized as those relating to roadway conditions, such as lane widths, lateral clearances, access frequency, and terrain; and traffic stream conditions such as the effects of heavy vehicles (large trucks, buses, and RVs). Base conditions are defined as those conditions that represent unrestrictive geometric and traffic conditions. Additionally, base conditions are assumed to consist of favorable environmental conditions (such as dry roadways).
The capacity of a particular roadway segment will be greatest when all roadway and traffic conditions meet or exceed their base values. Empirical studies have identified the values of these base conditions for which the capacity of a roadway segment is maximized. Values in excess of the base conditions will not increase the capacity of the roadway, but values more restrictive than the base conditions will result in a lower capacity. For example, studies have identified a base lane width of 12 ft. That is, lane widths in excess of 12 ft will not result in increased capacity; however, lane widths less than 12 ft will result in a reduction in capacity. Capacity values for base conditions have been determined for all uninterrupted-flow facility types from field studies. It should be noted that for purposes of LOS analysis, capacity is defined not as the absolute maximum flow rate ever observed for a particular facility type, but rather as the maximum flow rate that can be reasonably expected on a recurring basis.
